今日头条:藏学家指出:达赖喇嘛的所谓“中间道路”实质还是“藏独”

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)– 中国藏学家代表团6月25日在斯德哥尔摩访问瑞典安全与发展政策研究所时指出,达赖喇嘛的所谓“中间道路”实质还是“独立理念”。

中国社科院学部委员郝时远研究员指出,中国中央政府与达赖的私人代表一直保持接触。直到2008年奥运会前夕的3.14暴力事件发生,包括奥运圣火受到严重干扰。随后,达赖提出了一份备忘录。备忘录的内容概括为“中间道路”。中国认为所谓“中间道路”是二战后脱离殖民统治的理念,也是借鉴“港人治港,高度自治”的理念。但是,这样的理念违背了中国的《民族区域自治法》,因为西藏已经是中国的一部分。因为这个分歧,就没有办法对话了。尽管达赖每到一个地方都说他要对话,但是根据他的立场,就没有对话的余地了。对话的前提是要承认西藏是中国的一部分。

瑞典安全与发展政策研究所的埃里克.伊萨克松介绍了其研究所的情况。该研究所有两个研究领域,一个是亚洲项目,一个是美国项目,是独立的研究机构,有17人。经常接待中国,朝鲜和韩国的访问学者和研究员。

中国社科院学部委员郝时远说,他们这次访问的主要目的是要推动科技和人文交流。虽然说ISDP没有藏学项目,但是,因为探险家斯文.赫定早期在西藏地区探险的文献资料凸显瑞典对西藏的研究很早。中国认为现代接触需要进一步加强。这次来,他主要想介绍一下西藏的历史与现实。

郝时远研究员说,达赖喇嘛等人由于长期流亡国外,他们对西藏的描述是西藏就是“人间天堂”。但这要看是谁的天堂。过去,西藏的三大领主,只占全区人口的5%,他们是统治阶级,因此,拥有奴隶和农奴。这在英国历史学家Goldstein的著作中可以看出他们对西藏的判断,那就是西藏相当于欧洲中世纪的一个落后国家。

他介绍说,1950年,十四世达赖喇嘛同意改革,是他认识到了西藏政治制度走到了尽头,但是,改革也会结束政教合一的制度。本来中央政府同意维持达赖的统治,但是1959年他出走以后,西藏立即进行了改革。农奴翻身得解放。

59年后的今天,西藏人民的教育水平得到了大幅度提高,建立了完整的教育体系。宗教信仰自由。目前有1700多所寺庙。都在发挥正常作用。

郝时远说,达赖想的是如何独立,而中央政府想的是怎样建立现代社会。让人民收入水平不断提高。在西藏,旅游业是地方经济的重要支柱。人权得到很好的保障。例如妇女儿童的权利,孕妇和婴儿死亡率均达到全国平均水平。中国宣布进入中国特色社会主义新时代,这对于西藏来讲,意味着,要力争让全区300万人口中的59万贫困人口在2020年全部脱贫。

针对记者问西藏有多少教派的问题,扎罗说,在西藏的300万人口中,大部分人信仰格鲁派藏传佛教,也就是黄帽派。其他的如袈裟派都是很小的派别。藏民主要是敬仰山神,水神,这在佛教传入以后,依然有明显特征。不过现在在西藏也开始多元化,也有人开始信天主教和伊斯兰教的。

在双方座谈环节,古斯塔夫松问中央和西藏自治区到底面临什么问题和挑战。郝时远研究员回答说,问题就是达赖说的话和他做的不一致。

马兹.恩格曼主持会议。他问中印边界问题是否和西藏问题有关?中国认为西藏是中国的一部分是否经过国际法庭认证?郝时远说,中印1962年的冲突起源于英国划出的麦克马洪线。

关于版图问题,郝时远说,中国的疆土在1949年之前都是根据历史划分的。只有到1949年之后中国才进入现代国家,中国目前与周边国家的边界都已经划定。只有中印之间还存在着10多万平方公里的土地问题。但这个问题与西藏问题无关。这种问题可能不会一下子解决,但我们相信通过一带一路创意,双方可以解决这个问题。

关于墨西哥记者问到是否中国的版图确定与中国的革命史有关,郝时远说,中国的版图是中国历史演化而来的。例如,早期的历史认为长城以外都是关外不属于中国的。但是,13世纪北方游牧民族统一了中国,于是,中国的版图越来越大,西藏地区的主权归属是历史留给中国的资产。1949年以后,中国建立了社会主义国家政权,当时,西藏制度需要变革,1951年中央与达赖签署了和平协议。

古斯塔夫松问,如果没有有效的对话机制,中国政府将怎样更好地和西藏流亡政府接触,会出现什么样的问题?郝时远说,如果达赖喇嘛对历史制度进行巨变性改动一定会引起矛盾。但是,中国的《民族区域自治法》规定了西藏的地位和享有的自由。同时,加强经济和社会发展也可以形成抵御暴力的能力。

对于2011年达赖宣布的所谓退休,成立了“流亡政府”。中国中央政府对这个架构或政治组织的态度是不承认,不接触,也不认为它是达赖的代表。

恩格曼说,历史学家更注重历史,ISDP倾向于对未来的预测。将来如果有更多时间,可以好好学习历史,以便加强对未来的预测。墨西哥记者评论说,历史是现实的一面镜子。不了解历史,就很难了解现实,因此,对历史的研究还是非常重要的。如果单纯靠现实来预测现实是远远不够的。

时光飞逝,两个小时的时间很快过去,与会者希望以后能有更多时间进行更多的对话。

出席座谈会的还有中国驻瑞典大使馆代办张彪,政治处主任陈季良,政治处李珂,代表团成员还有Cirenpingcuo(次仁平措),Gesangyixi(格桑益西),扎罗,肖杰,王立新等,ISDP除了恩格曼,伊萨克松和古斯塔夫松外还有Fatoumata Diallo.

出席座谈会的记者有瑞典记者乌尔利卡.贝尔特斯坦,墨西哥记者侯海.那瓦鲁和北欧绿色邮报网记者陈雪霏。

图文/陈雪霏

Top news: Chinese Dongfeng Race Team win the Volvo Ocean Race 2017-18

By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

STOCKHOLM, June 25(Greenpost, Chineseonline)– Chinese Dongfeng Race Team won the Volvo Ocean Race 2017-18 in the closest pass in race history.

Skipper Charles Caudrelier led his team to victory on the final leg of the race, a 970-mile sprint from Gothenburg, Sweden to The Hague.

Incredibly, it marked the first leg win for the team — it couldn’t have come at a better time.

Three teams started Leg 11 of the race on Thursday in a dead heat on the overall leaderboard. The finishing order between MAPFRE, Team Brunel and Dongfeng Race Team at The Hague would determine their place on the overall race podium.

Each of those three teams led at various points on the leg and had their opportunities to grab the prize.

But it was Caudrelier and his crew who made a bold call on Saturday evening to take a coastal route to the finish, which squeezed them tight against the shoreline and separated from the other leaders by a series of Exclusion Zones.

“We were not in such a good position, but we trusted our choice and we pushed,” Caudrelier said. “The others didn’t follow us, but we believed and we won…”

The decision hurt the team in the short term as they tumbled down the leaderboard. But by Sunday morning, with less than 100 miles left to race, weather routing projections had the top boats finishing within minutes of each other. None had been able to break away overnight, despite the significant splits on the race course.

“We knew that we would fall behind initially and that if it came good it would only be at the end. The last position report (1300 UTC on Sunday) we were 27-miles from the finish and they were 20-miles and we thought it was over. But then I did a small weather routing and it showed we could end up one-mile ahead so I woke everyone up and said, ‘let’s push!’”

As the teams finally converged again on Sunday afternoon, just a few miles from the finish, it was Dongfeng Race Team, flying down the coast from the north sliding in front of the offshore group, to earn their first leg win, propelling Caudrelier’s team to overall victory.

“We always trusted each other. Nobody thought we were going to win this last leg, but I had a good feeling,” an emotional Caudrelier said, after thanking his supporters and team. “I said ‘we can’t lose, we can’t lose, we can’t lose’… and we won!”

© Ainhoa Sanchez/Volvo Ocean Race

The overall results make this the closest finish in the 45-year history of the race and marks the first win for a Chinese-flagged team. It also means Carolijn Brouwer and Marie Riou were on board as the first women sailors to win the Volvo Ocean Race.

Xabi Fernández’s MAPFRE was third on the leg, which put the team into second overall.

© Ainhoa Sanchez/Volvo Ocean Race

“It has been tough,” Fernández admitted. “We sailed very well the whole way around the world and on this leg as well, so naturally we’re a bit disappointed. We were very, very close this time, but it was not quite enough. So we have to say congratulations to Dongfeng who sailed a little bit better than us.”

Team Brunel skipper Bouwe Bekking would have liked nothing more than to win the race for the first time in eight tries with a home finish in The Netherlands. But it wasn’t to be. His fourth place leg finish left the team in third place overall.

© Ainhoa Sanchez/Volvo Ocean Race

“Third place, still on the podium, I think we can be pretty proud of that as a team,” he said. “We thought we had made the right choice (to go further offshore) and we expected a windshift. It came 90-minutes too late and that was the race. But that’s yacht racing. And of course we have to congratulate Dongfeng and MAPFRE for their results.”

Second place on the final leg into The Hague was Dutch skipper Simeon Tienpont and his team AkzoNobel, who had previously secured fourth place on the overall leaderboard.

“It’s incredible to finish on the podium in our hometown,” Tienpont said. “We would have loved to have been fighting into The Hague for the final podium but to have set the 24-hour speed record and to get six podium finishes in the race is a testament to the job everyone on our team – on the boat and on shore – have done.”

Vestas 11th Hour Racing had already been locked into fifth place on the scoreboard and after a promising start to Leg 11, had a disappointing seventh place finish on the leg.

“We have a great group of folks on this team,” skipper Charlie Enright said. “We’ve been through a lot and I’m not sure any other group could have dealt with the challenges we have faced the way we did. It’s something special and we’re going to continue to work together moving forward. This was a tough way to go out certainly, but we have one more opportunity with the In-Port Race this weekend.”

That In-Port Race, scheduled for Saturday afternoon, will determine the sixth and seventh place positions in this edition of the Volvo Ocean Race. Both SHK/Scallywag and Turn the Tide on Plastic finished the Volvo Ocean Race on equal points.

The tie-break mechanism is the In-Port Race Series, where David Witt’s Scallywag team currently holds the lead. But Dee Caffari’s Turn the Tide on Plastic is just three points behind and a strong finish on Saturday could lift them off the bottom of the leaderboard.

© Ainhoa Sanchez/Volvo Ocean Race

“We can’t help but smile today. We’ve done it,” said Caffari. “This leg was like the longest In-Port Race ever. A lot of corners to go around, and we gave it 100 per cent and left nothing in the tank.”

For David Witt, the finish was bittersweet the loss of John Fisher overboard in the Southern Ocean top of mind.

“I have very mixed emotions right now,” Witt said dockside immediately after finishing. “I’m incredibly proud of our team both on and off the water. We’re very tight and we have gone through a lot… But I’m also sad of course. I didn’t finish it with my best mate (John Fisher) who we started with. So very mixed emotions, but I’m glad we finished it.”

The teams will celebrate their accomplishments and take well-earned rest on Monday. The rest of the week will see activities in The Hague building towards the final In-Port Race and Awards Night on June 30.

Volvo Ocean Race Leg 11 Final Leaderboard — Saturday 23 June
1. Dongfeng Race Team – 3 days, 3 hours, 22 minutes, 32 seconds
2. team AkzoNobel – 3 days, 3 hours, 38 minutes, 31 seconds
3. MAPFRE – 3 days, 3 hours, 39 minutes, 25 seconds
4. Team Brunel – 3 days, 3 hours, 45 minutes, 52 seconds
5. Turn the Tide on Plastic – 3 days, 3 hours, 56 minutes, 56 seconds
6. SHK / Scallywag – 3 days, 4 hours, 01 minutes, 32 seconds
7. Vestas 11th Hour Racing – 3 days, 4 hours, 05 minutes, 36 seconds

Volvo Ocean Race Overall Points Leaderboard after Leg 11
1. Dongfeng Race Team – 73 points
2. MAPFRE – 70 points
3. Team Brunel – 69 points
4. team AkzoNobel – 59 points
5. Vestas 11th Hour Racing – 39 points
6. SHK / Scallywag – 32 points *
7. Turn the Tide on Plastic – 32 points *

* Should there be a tie on the overall race leaderboard at the end of the offshore legs, the In-Port Race Series standings will be used to break the tie.

Source: www.volvooceanrace.com

今日头条:创造奇迹,东风队成为首支登上总冠军领奖台的中国船队

北欧绿色邮报网北欧中华网联合报道(报道员王子慧):当地时间2018年6月24日17时25分,代表中国参加沃尔沃环球帆船赛的东风队率先冲过位于荷兰海牙的终点线,成为赛事历史上首支登上总冠军领奖台的中国船队

3天前开始的沃尔沃环球帆船赛收官之战(瑞典哥德堡-荷兰海牙)堪称“史上最精彩的冠军争夺战”——三支领跑船队(东风队、曼福队及布鲁内尔队)以相同积分进入最后赛段,也就是说谁能在这短短1000海里中胜出谁就将获得总冠军。

起航后的最初两天,东风队始终处于领先位置,但在第二次绕过挪威南部海岸附近的上风标时,被劲敌曼福队反超。随后,船队在南下绕行禁区的过程中出现重大分歧——以阿克苏诺贝尔队为首的大部队选择了离岸的西侧航线,东风队则另辟蹊径,选择了东部的近岸路线。离岸路线航程短、角度佳,但风力更小;近岸路线航程长,但风力更大更持久。这一路线选择曾一度导致东风队的排名下滑至第五位。

但随着船队继续南下,近岸船队的优势开始凸显,在距离终点仅15海里处,东风队再次超越曼福队、布鲁内尔队,重回领跑者宝座,这一优势被成功保持至最后。

对于船员们的表现,船长夏尔·戈德赫里埃表示满意:“这是我人生中最重要的一场比赛。我们的对手当然很出色,但我们的表现同样很棒!船员们几乎没有休息,将自己逼到了极致,即使处于弱势的情况下,我们也始终坚持了自己的选择!感谢我的队友们!”

至此,长达9个月,跨越45000海里的2017-18沃尔沃环球帆船赛的赛段比赛至此宣告结束。在过去的10个赛段中,东风队7次登上赛段领奖台,其中包括1个冠军,4个亚军,并成为所有船队中总航行时长最短的船队!

在东风队冲线后,赞助商东风汽车集团有限公司第一时间表示了祝贺。东风汽车集团有限公司副总经理安铁成先生说:“被誉为中国之队的“东风队”,克服艰难险阻,始终向着终极目标奋力拼搏,你们是我们全体东风人的骄傲和榜样!东风两度组队参赛,我们的收获早已超越比赛本身。这项挑战人类生存与意志极限的海上竞技赛事,不仅带给人类一场赛事盛宴,还推动着人类对远洋帆船文化的探索和文明进步。”

赛队总经理布鲁诺·杜布瓦表示:“在此要特别感谢我们的赞助商东风汽车集团有限公司。在过去的5年里,他们给予了无条件的支持与信任,同时我们也非常高兴能身体力行地推动中国帆船运动的发展与进步,见证更多青年人、甚至儿童投身帆船运动…”

东风队中国船员陈锦浩激动地表示:“非常高兴能获得冠军,这是所有中国人的骄傲!希望在不久的未来能组建真正的全华班!

认真听听或看看下面的相关链接,可以知道可爱的船员们是身经百战的海上英雄。他们不但在全中国而且在全世界打拼。他们到过南非的好望角,他们到过北极的挪威,他们是纵横驰骋疆场的英雄。这种壮举比世界杯更壮观!

编辑 陈雪霏

相关链接:

音频视频文字融媒体:风从东来,看中国之队东风队乘风破浪