今日头条:瑞典的信誉制度与实践

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)– 对于中国要建立信誉制度,外界褒贬不一,一方面,全民都觉得老百姓上当受骗太多,急需建立信誉制度。于是阿里巴巴等很多公司和政府一起要建立信誉评估制度,结果又被外界理解为对每个公民的监督十分严厉,又有对人权限制的嫌疑。我身边的一些瑞典朋友也对此非常感兴趣,担心不要矫枉过正。其实中国所做的每一件事情也都是有原因的。而且中国人做事也是比较认真的,因此,有些人觉得过于严厉,但是,他们不知道,如果不严厉,中国人是十分聪明的。总是会有漏洞。 总的来说,中国要建立诚信制度,就必须采取措施,采取措施,可能有些人就不会太舒服。但是,笔者坚持认为,如果你没做错事,你就不必担心。如果你整天想钻空子,那有可能有些空子会被堵上,就是这么回事。

那么瑞典的信誉制度如何,是怎么建立起来的呢?在瑞典的信誉制度至少是从1992年那次房地产次贷危机开始,那些欠债不还的,或者是没有能力还债的,对他们的惩治办法就是过简单生活,忍受至少五年,然后,一切从头开始。简单生活就是没有电视,没有出国旅游,没有大吃二喝。例如,最近,笔者遇到一家这样的瑞典公民。因为当初想投资盖房,搞旅游。结果借了很多债,但是,后来,却还不起了。于是,银行决定不再借贷给他,而且,要求他们必须把工资的一部分继续还给银行。结果,他们最后不得不住在自己的房车里。不能出去旅游,也不能住房子,因为已经没有了房子。唯一可能的就是继续努力工作,勤俭节约。

另一方面,笔者自己也经历过两次被检查。那就是当我买大件的时候,例如,买电脑,或者是印报纸。第一次,买电脑的时候,电脑公司命令一个公司查看我以往付账的情况,发现没有问题。然后,查询公司给我发一封信,把他们的评估结论送给我。说没有问题。

另一个是最近印报纸,印刷公司把账单打到我家,但是,写的是公司的名字,结果,被打回去了。他们交给查账公司。查账公司要求我把钱付给他们。我立即付账,并告诉印刷公司是他们写错了。问题立即解决。

这说明,在瑞典有各种各样的公司,例如,你欠账不还,或者到期不还,人家就给你发提醒单,提醒单是要加钱的,欠款不能及时还,还是要付滞纳金的。或者还没按期还,人家就把你送交催债公司。一旦你被送到催债公司,那时的费用还要进一步升级。同时,此时你的信誉就要受损了,因为此时,你的信誉里就有了这样的记录,即你被追债,你没有及时还债等等。

不过,因为瑞典人早就开始防范人们的不诚实,所以,摄像头早就安装了,现在人们也见怪不怪了,而且有的地方也不装了。人们觉得大家本来都应该很诚实嘛。另外,由于这里也讨论过互联网安全之类的事情,所以确实也有一批人对欧洲过度的监视感到很反感。 也提出过批评。

因此,现在一方面很多地方不装摄像头,即使装了也不是全部,以至于有朋友的电脑背包在汉堡包店被偷走。最后,把包丢在图书馆里,把电脑给拿走了。

瑞典有的小偷也确实比较文明,只偷钱和手机或者电脑可以换钱得东西,其他证件之类的有可能给你送到失物招领的地方。

最新报道显示,瑞典的小偷大多都是有国际背景的。本地土生土长的小偷不多。

昨天到乌普萨拉送报纸,出来后有个小伙子立即帮助我拿箱子,我的箱子也确实太重,我说谢谢了,他说,我妈告诉我的,出来有人需要帮忙,一定要帮忙。我说你是哪里人啊,他说他来自伊拉克。现在汽车行工作。我说谢谢你。然后给了他一份报纸。顿时,感觉这移民不是也有学雷锋的吗?

Finland and India to strengthen cooperation in cyber security and space sectors 芬兰与印度加强网上安全和航天部门合作

Finland and India to strengthen cooperation in cyber security and space sectors

Ministry for Foreign Affairs 11.1.2019 10.39
Press release

The aim is to increase exchange of information and cooperation between Finnish and Indian specialists and authorities.

During a meeting between State Secretary Anttonen and India’s Minister of State for External Affairs Vijay Kumar Singh on 10 January, two Memorandums of Understanding between Finland and India were signed, one on cooperation in the cyber security sector and another on the peaceful use of outer space. Permanent State Secretary Matti Anttonen visited India on 8–10 January 2019.

The National Cyber Security Centre of the Transport and Communications Agency of Finland (TrafiCom) and the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) are responsible for the document dealing with cyber security. The Memorandum of Understanding is based on the parties’ wish to engage in closer cooperation in cyber security matters. In networked societies, cyber threats faced by one sector usually affect also all other sectors. The aim of the cooperation is both to improve exchange of information between the parties on various cyber threats and to improve their capacity to prevent and resolve different cyber security incidents. Finland is known for its very high expertise in cyber security matters.

The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) are responsible for the Memorandum of Understanding on the space sector. The cooperation is based on India’s capacity to offer cost-effective launches of small satellites and Finnish organisations’ growing interest in satellite systems of their own. So far, three Finnish satellites have been launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in India: Aalto-1 of the Aalto University in June 2017; Finland’s first commercial satellite, Iceye Oy’s ICEYE-X1, in January 2018; and Reaktor Space Lab’s Hello World satellite in late November 2018.

Maximum length of a vehicle combination 34.5 metres

The maximum length of a vehicle combination in road traffic will increase from 25.25 to 34.5 metres. The maximum permissible mass remains at 76 tonnes. New type of vehicle combinations that differ from the current standards may also be used on the road. A Government decree on the matter will enter into force on 21 January 2019.

The maximum length of other vehicles than buses and coaches will increase from 12 to 13 metres, the new drawing length of a semi-trailer will be 18 metres and the length of the actual semi-trailer 16 metres.

The maximum permissible length of a combined truck and a semi-trailer will go up from 16.5 to 23 metres. The maximum length of a combination of a car and a centre-axle trailer on the road will be 20.75 metres instead of the current 18.75 metres.

Before the decree was amended, the so-called HCT trucks, whose lengths and masses differ from what is currently allowed, were tested since 2013.  In terms of maximum permissible masses, a preliminary review of the present road network showed that the current maximum permissible mass for a combined vehicle (76 tonnes) cannot be sustainably increased throughout the network. The Transport and Communications Agency, TrafiCom, may also in future grant fixed-term deviation permits for vehicle combinations that exceed the general limit values.

Stricter requirements for long combinationsThe requirements in the decree concerning turnability and stability of long combinations are stricter than what was allowed in the trial. The requirements for combinations also include camera systems for side visibility, an advanced emergency braking and lane detector system, electronic driving stability system and electronically controlled brakes.

The requirement of turnability may affect the planning of intersection areas, and the need for restriction signs in the present intersections continues to exist. However, the long combinations do not really need to access different places but they will mainly be used for connections between terminals, larger shopping centres and production plants, and they will mostly be used outside rush hours, like in the night-time.

The changes in the lengths of vehicle combinations are estimated to gain significant benefits, especially in transport of sea containers, general cargo and foodstuff. These represent nearly 50% of the cargo transport on roads.